‘It is from society and not from the individual that...

‘It is from society and not from the individual that morality derives’ (Durkheim 1974: 61). According to Emile Durkheim ‘morality begins with the membership and life of a group†¦and that society creates all moral codes, not individuals’ (Durkheim 1974: 37). He stated that an individual cannot exist without society or deny it, without denying himself. Zygmunt Bauman however disagrees and believes morality is a pre-social impulse and therefore does not originate in society. In this essay I will first explore Durkheim’s theory of morality. I will then interrogate Durkheim’s claim that moral values come from society and are solely directed towards society by examining Bauman’s critique of his theory exemplified in ‘Modernity and the†¦show more content†¦He contended that for us to become the agents of an act and therefore perform a said act, it must interest our sensibility and appear to us as desirable (1974:36). Thus Du rkheim identified obligation and desirability as the two essential characteristics of moral acts. These characteristics are never paired with individuals acting in their own egoistic interests but rather they are linked to the good of society ‘with the condition that society be always considered as being qualitatively different from the individual beings that compose it’ (1974: 37). Desirability to Durkheim meant an individual would only desire to act moral for morality’s sake as the individual did not benefit or understand the reasons he was being commanded to obey (Durkheim 1974: 45). Durkheim argued that it is impossible to desire a morality other than the one given to us by society. He continued by expressly stating that ‘to desire a morality other than that implied by nature of society is to deny the latter end, and consequently, oneself (1974:38). He explained that this ‘moral reality’ appears to us under two different aspects that must be clearly distinguished: the objective and the subjective’ (Durkheim, 1974:40). He believed that there exists a general morality common to all individuals belonging to a collectivity, even though each mind experiences moral rules differently. Durkheim referred to morality as existingShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesdilemmas. The book engages in an imaginative way with a wealth of organizational concepts and theories as well as provides insightful examples from the practical world of organizations. The authors’ sound scholarship and transparent style of writing set the book apart, making it an ingenious read which invites reflexivity, criticalness and plurality of opinion from the audience. This is a book that will become a classic in organization studies. Mihaela L. Kelemen, Professor of Management Studies, KeeleRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesWeidemann-Book Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2011, 2007, 2005, 2002, 1998 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction

Want and Mr. Fielding - 2095 Words

A Date for the Theatre Mike Hello, Jack. Why the rush? Where are you going? Jack Hello, Mike. Im on my way to meet Joyce at the station. Were having dinner at a Chinese restaurant and then were off to the theatre. Mike Do you often go to the theatre? Jack Yes, Joyce and I usually go at least once a fortnight; sometimes more. Do you ever go? Mike Yes, but I dont often find time these days. There are so many other things to do. Jack True, true. Mike Listen, perhaps Janet and I can arrange to meet you and Joyce one Saturday evening. We can have dinner together and go on to a theatre. Jack Thats a good idea. Look, I forget the name of the play, but theres a good comedy on at the Theatre Royal next week. If you like, I can book four†¦show more content†¦Andy Yes, so his teachers say. But he deserves to do well. Hes always been so conscientious and hard-working, and hes been slaving at his books every evening for months on end recently. He wants to go to Oxford University next year. Susan Maybe hell become a university lecturer himself eventually. Andy Maybe. But I think he studies too hard; I sometimes wish hed go out and enjoy himself for a change. Susan Yes... What about the younger one? Andy Well, James teachers say that he has ability, but that hes too inconsistent and that he rarely does his best. In other words, hes not bad when he makes an effort, but hes too idle. He couldnt care less about exams. He does his homework in ten minutes every evening and then rushes out to play tennis. Susan Hes crazy about tennis, isnt he? Perhaps he can make his fortune at it. You can make more money from sport than from an old-fashioned profession these days. Andy So I believe. But my wife always worries about the childrens future. She wants James to give up tennis and study law, but I dont believe in forcing boys to take up careers theyre not cut out for. I wonder how Jamesll develop in a couple of years time! After the Exams Malcolm What did you think of the exams, Pete? I reckon they were dead easy. Pete Maybe they were easy enough for you but they were much too hard for me. Malcom Oh, come on. Youve probably done better than you think. Pete No, Im dead certain Ive failed inShow MoreRelated Marriage Issues in Tom Jones Essay923 Words   |  4 PagesMarriage Issues in Tom Jones      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Throughout Tom Jones by Henry Fielding, there are many examples of marriage. There is Squire Westerns marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Fitzpatricks marriage, the mentions of Allworthys wife, the marriage of Nightengale and Nancy, and the marriage of Nightengales cousin and the clergyman, and finally the marriage of Tom and Sophia. Some of these marriages end with a happy ending and some do not and we, the reader, are supposed to look at these marriages andRead MoreThe Enigma by John Fowles Essay793 Words   |  4 Pagespoints of the story such as the sergeants role in the case, his similarities to the main character as well as his relationship with the son of the main characters girlfriend, and what is ultimately uncovered in the end. When John Marcus Fielding disappeared, he therefore contravened all social and statistical probability. Fifty-seven years old, rich, happily married with a son and two daughters; on the board of several City companies...but the most profoundly anomalous aspect of his case Read MoreThe Difficulty of English- Indian Friendship in A Passage to India1582 Words   |  7 PagesForster uses personal relationships between Mrs. Moore and Adela, and the Indians to examine the theme of friendship between Englishwomen and Indians. Adela and Mrs. Moore question the standard behaviors of the English towards the Indians and try to connect with the Indians at the Bridge Party and at Fieldings afternoon tea. However, Mrs. Moores curiosity to see the real India is, unlike that of Adelas, bolstered by a genuine affection for Indians. Thus, Mrs. Moore breaks the distrust that ForsterRead More A Passage To India Essays1069 Words   |  5 Pagesinhabitants. Miss Quested and Mrs. Moore begin their passage to India in order to attend the marriage of Miss Quested. Miss Quested plans on being united in marriage with Mrs. Moore’s son Ronny Heaslop. Excitement abounds the two women on their new adventure. Their first night in India, Ronny Heaslop takes Mrs. Moore and Miss Quested to the â€Å"Club†. This club is a private club for the British intellect only. Much like our modern day golf clubs that are members only. Mrs. Moore leaves the club and meetsRead MoreAnalysis Of A Passage Of India 1253 Words   |  6 Pageslook at in great detail was in Chapter XXIX (29). Fielding has been conversing with Miss Quested as she stays in the college and grows to know her better. The scene begins, in my book, on page 260 with â€Å"Her humility was touching† and continues through to page 262, ending with â€Å" That Marabar case which broke down because the poor girl couldn’t face giving her evidence-- that was another bad case.† Through the book, we have watched Adela, Fielding, and Aziz interact through the story, though one personRead MoreAnalysis Of Forester s A Passage Of India Essay1223 Words   |  5 Pages The characters Fielding and Aziz in E.M. Forester’s A Passage to India differ greatly when it comes to the integration and development of the intimate relationships in their lives. While Fielding starts off having close to none of these vital relationships in his reality, he soon leaves behind this meaningless way of life and begins interacting with people in more complex and intimate ways. Aziz, on the other hand, seems to start the novel much more open to these relationships, forgetting most ofRead MoreEssay on Tom Jones1082 Words   |  5 PagesTom Jones Tom Jones, by Henry Fielding is a novel that is identical to a soap opera. This book deals with everything from treachery to lust to deceit. He writes about a man and woman’s love for one another and that nothing can stand in their way. Class separates them and they will not let that stop them. â€Å"Acquired a discretion and prudence very uncommon in one of his lively parts.† This is a quote from Squire Allworthy to Tom. I believe that Fielding’s purpose in writing this novelRead Moreï » ¿Would it be correct to say that in Tom Jones, Fielding considers marriage to be a mere socio- economic arrangements under which women feel continuously suppressed? Discuss.1005 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Would it be correct to say that in Tom Jones, Fielding considers marriage to be a mere socio- economic arrangements under which women feel continuously suppressed? Discuss. The true history of the English countryside has been centred throughout in the problems of property in land, and in the consequent social and working relationships. By the eighteenth century, nearly half of the cultivated land was owned by some five thousand families. As a central form of this predominance, four hundred familiesRead MoreSummary Of A Passage Of India 1404 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish entering India, he wants to befriend them and become acquaintances. A friend of his, Muhammad Ali disapproves of this idea and tells him it will never work out. Determined to prove him wrong, Aziz is soon encountered by Mrs.Moore, a woman from England who has come to India. The two of them get to know each other and he escorts her to the Chandrapore club, where Indians are not permitted. There she meets Adela Quested, who is to marry Ronny, her son. Adela wants to see the real India and soonRead MoreDear Society : Unmasking The Narrative And Ideological Elements Of Joseph Andrews1460 W ords   |  6 PagesThese literary responses largely imitated Richardson’s style, yet challenged the irreproachable virtue of his protagonist. They served to provide an alternate perspective to Pamela’s tale, typically portraying her as a scheming social climber. Henry Fielding participated in this literary backlash, publishing his own parody Shamela in 1741. However, the next year he wrote Joseph Andrews, which, while inarguably satirical, uses the model of Pamela’s virtue as a springboard into a novel that transcends

Horace kephart free essay sample

Stokers, were married in 1861 , and the following year she gave birth to Horace Gephardt. Gephardt would later reflect that his special passion for the mountains may have been inherited from Swiss ancestors, who were among the earliest settlers west of the Susquehanna River. L Soon young Gephardt would find himself on an Iowa farm, only to discover that passion later in life. While living on the farm, the young Gephardt established his sense of adventure that would be the foundation for the rest of his life. He soon became content on being alone in his adventures around the farm land.After is mother taught him how to read, she gave him the book, Robinson Crusoe. He literally acted out the life of Crusoe by dressing like him, making a hatchet and knife and even stocking a small cave he built with possessions that would warrant his survival. The book stayed with Gephardt all of his life. His love for reading and books led him to be a librarian. He also studied history and political science. After his formal education he married Laura White Mack and together they had two sons and four daughters. He was a father who wanted to spend time with his children but on his terms.While living in SST. Louis, he would take his family to the rifle range and teach them to shoot. He would also bring home Native American artifacts that were part of the Mercantile Library where Gephardt worked. Once he found his son George playing with ancient bow and arrows; but instead of scolding the boy he patiently explained the historic value of the pieces. 2 Gephardt would spend his time studying maps of the frontier and take camping trips alone experimenting with equipment. His wife, Laura, was not pleased with this, and the children were tiring of his consistent outdoor epistyle.The responsibilities of raising a family and being stuck in a house and library proved to be too much for Gephardt. He had developed a drinking problem and along with a traumatic experience in a vicious storm his life began to crumble. He had outcast himself from many significant people including his superiors at the library and more importantly his family. He resigned his position, and when his family was out of money Laura took the kids to her familys home in Ithaca, New York. Gephardt soon had a complete nervous breakdown, and his father took him back to his home in Dayton,Ohio. During his recovery, he desired 3 objectives: to live in a wilderness setting, to continue his literary career, and to contribute to periodicals and the technicalities of librarianship. With the support and understanding of his wife and children, he left for Asheville, North Carolina, in late July or early August 1904. Gephardt was in poor health and wanted to rehabilitate himself in the mountains. After consulting with a local doctor he made his first camp near Dicks Creek close to the Tuskegee River. He lived in a small tent from August 7th till October 30th.He immediately started recording details of the forest, mountains, wildlife and the way of life of the inhabitants of the area. The process of making buttermilk, cider and sorghum intrigued him as well as the Indian reservation, trout fishing and the plants of the mountains. One of the most significant observations that Gephardt made was the language and speech used throughout the mountains of North Carolina. Horace Asphalts contributions to the understanding of Appalachian speech consisted of two published works and a considerable body of notes-3 The more significant of the two is mound in Asphalts masterpiece, Our Southern Highlanders.Asphalts Our Southern Highlanders is widely known as the standard for which other books on Appalachia are judged. Not only is it historical, it also gives the reader a realistic description of how the mountain dwellers of the time lived under primitive conditions and includes an examination o f the culture found in the Appalachian Mountains. Gephardt dedicates one chapter to the dialect of the mountains. It was the first serious effort from any of the local color writers of that era.Asphalts observations in the field and his prior writing experience separated him from he other local colorist. His detailed notes, which can be found at the Hunter Library at Western Carolina university, are a testimony to his commitment to preserving the language and culture of the mountains. The Scotch-Irish spoke a dialect in the eighteenth century that was then a version of a dialect already old by the time of Elizabeth. 4 His fascination with relic forms (betwixt between; ferment near to) helped to promote the erroneous notion that mountain speech was largely Elizabethan. Asphalts initiative to learn the terms used in the dialect was beneficial to his understanding of the culture in the mountains, thus it allowed him to write an autobiographical account of his life during the time he spent in the Great Smoky Mountains. His devotion to The Mountain Dialect is a clear indication of his significance in the study of Appalachian culture. The use of the dialect can be found throughout Our Southern Highlanders. Our Southern Highlanders, first published in 1913, is a detailed description of the mountains and their people.It offers a social and cultural description Of the people as well as a historical and geographical offering of the Appalachian Mountains. Gephardt writes of the immense vegetation found throughout the mountains in the form of flora and fauna as well as the elevations and significant peaks of the region. While many local color writers and publications would stereotype the mountain dwellers, Gephardt was determined to give an accurate description of the people that fascinated him. He finds the mountain people to be self-sufficient and capable of living without the modern technology that was being used in the cities. He found a yeomans mentality being preserved in the hollows and communities of the mountains that he had longed for in his own life. Gephardt relished the manliness of his neighbors in the North Carolina Mountains even when their conception of manhood precipitated violent behavior. 6 The feuds with other neighbors and the resistance to change could instigate that violence. His descriptions were of a lean, self-reliant man, completely loyal to his family, who possessed intelligence and energy, yet not found in the inhabitants of the cities.Gephardt also describes the way of life for the mountaineer in the form of a bear hunt, the tub mill and one of asphalts favorite subjects, the moonshine still. The stereotype presented in many of the local color publications were not accurate, but through detailed, written imagery and careful note-taking, Gephardt managed to write one of the most important nonfiction books about Appalachian culture. His passion for the mountain culture is preserved in Our Southern Highlanders as well as his conviction for the protection of the Great Smoky Mountains in the form of a national park. Establishing a national park on the eastern side of the United States proved to be challenging for advocates and the government. The land in the western part of the country for already owned by the federal government, but the Great Smoky Mountains were made up of 6600 privately owned tracts held by lumber companies and local residents. In the cuss, Gephardt began his campaign to preserve the Great Smoky Mountains as a national park. Along with fellow hiker, George Mamas, who was a famous photographer, Gephardt wrote articles, letters, and a booklet that led the cause accompanied by Mamas photographs of the area.He revealed the damaged being done by the logging operations and expressed the urgent need to preserve the beauty of the Smokiest. While Gephardt and Mamas fought to establish a park, local community leaders impede on board believing that a park would help the local economies and build roads. This was not the crusade the Gephardt was fighting for, but rather a park that did no t have the tourism that had already corrupted natural wonders like Niagara Falls which prevented it from becoming a national park. There was also the issue of the lumber companies wanting to make the land a national forest, which would allow the continued harvesting of the trees. Gephardt responded to this on July 9th, 1 925, with an article in the Asheville Times. His response was: I have the best of good will for the Forest Service and all that it stands for. The waste land left by former lumbering must be reforested, of course, and the federal government is the proper agency to effect it.But if the Smoky Mountain region were turned into a national forest instead of a national park, the 50,000 to 60,000 acres of original forests that we have left, would be robbed of their big trees. They would be the first to go. Why should this last stand of splendid, irreplaceable trees be sacrificed to the greedy maw of the sawmill? Why should future generations be robbed of all to see with their own eyes what a real forest, a real wildfowl, a real unimproved work of God, is like The race was on by both Tennessee and North Carolina to raise the money needed to acquire the land for the park. Gephardt participated by preparing articles about the mountains and in publicity to generate funds. He also wrote the promotional booklet titled, A National Park in the Great Smoky Mountains. Some of his writings proved to be the most important during the advocacy and establishment of the national park. Without his commitment to the project, the park might not have been a reality. He was adamant in explaining why the region should be preserved, and with the help of George Mamas photography to back up Asphalts claims, the Great Smoky Mountain National Park became a reality. Gephardt also participated in another project, The Appalachian Trail.Benton McKay, creator of the trail, would eventually begin at Springer Mountain in Georgia and end on Mount Katydid in Maine. Gephardt was instrumental in plotting the route the trail followed through the Smokiest and on into North Georgia. 8 Gephardt mapped the trail to follow as much of the crest of the Smokiest as possible. A hiker would be able to hike directly on the state line that divided Tennessee and North Carolina. For Asphalts advocacy and commitment to the development of the park and the Appalachian Trail, the United States Geographic Board honored Gephardt by naming a peak eight miles northeast of Clansmans Dome.There is also a trail named in his honor eight miles south of Newfound Gap. At the end of the two mile trail, the Gephardt Prong shelter awaits for the wary hiker. Gephardt died at the age of 68 on April 2, 1 931 , in a car accident near Bryon City, North Carolina. Gephardt and his friend, Fishwife Trenton, who was a writer from Georgia, had hired a taxi to take them to a local bootlegger. On he way back, the driver of the taxi lost control of the car. With his wife and two sons in attendance, Gephardt was buried in Bryon City on April 5. His grave is marked with a large boulder and plaque which reads: Scholar, Author, Outdoors.He loved his neighbors and pictured them in Our Southern Highlanders. His vision helped to create the Great Smoky National Park. Further research into the life Of Horace Gephardt can begin in several places, but to get an understanding of why he was so passionate about the Smokiest, the Deep Creek and the Hazel Creek areas outside of Bryon City are a good place to start. Along the Deep Creek trail at campsite #57, Asphalts last permanent campsite is marked with a millstone. For the more adventurous historian, the Hazel Creek area is a longer journey and can be reached by boat or by an overnight backpacking excursion.The buildings and cabins of the community are long gone, but with proper guidance or research the clearings that once were occupied by Asphalts neighbors are marked with roses. The Sugar Fork trail leaves this area and follows an old road that leads to the Everett Mines. Along the Little Fork River, on a level area, is where Asphalts cabin once stood. Visiting this area can give a historian a hands-on, realistic view of the terrain and remoteness of a mountaineers homestead. A historian can realize the difficulty of farming the land to support its family and the hardships that they endured due to the remoteness. This is the area that Gephardt had been dreaming of to distance him from the civilization of the 20th century so that he could live out his frontier desideratum. This is also where he found the dialect used by the mountaineers that he wrote about in Our Southern Highlanders. This Was a paradise for Gephardt and the perfect place for him to rite about the wilderness and its occupants. In 2012, there will be guided hikes to Asphalts cabin site as part of the 1st annual Horace Gephardt Days Celebration in Bryon City. Many of these writings can be found at the North Carolina Room in the Pack Memorial Library in Asheville, North Carolina.The collection includes many boxes containing notebooks, personal items, original transcripts of his writings and letters from his wife. The largest collection of Gephardt artifacts are in the Special Collections center at the Hunter Library at Western Carolina university. This collection includes hundreds of Asphalts personal letters, went-seven of Gephardt journals, photographs, his hand drawn maps of the Hazel Creek area that he made in 1905, personal belongings at the time of his death and his personal library.These were once housed at the Great Smoky Mountains National Park Headquarters near Gatlinburg. Even though Septets life was shortened by the tragic car accident in 1931 , his legacy remains with the establishment of the Great Smoky National Park and Our Southern Highlanders. Without these significant accomplishments, we would not have a passport into a land of primeval forest and the people who inhabited it.

The revolution free essay sample

Therfore equitorial regions are warm during most of the year, amnd do not experince very cold temperatures. They tend to experince on long warm season interrupted by periods of drought and rainfall each year. Regions far away from the equator, in middle and high latitudes, have for seasons-spring, summer, autumn and winter. Summer and winter are usually the longest. Autumn and spring are shorter seasons which occur between winter and summers. Fig 1 . 1) it) Varying lenths of day and night at different times of the year The Earths axis is inclined at an angle of 661/20 . this eliptic plane is the path which the Earth revolves around the sun. its this inclination that causes differences in the lenth of days and nights in the nothern and southern hemisphere. When it is summer in the nothern hemisphere, longer daylight is experinces than night time. On 21 June, all areas in the northen hemisphere experince the longest day and shortest night. We will write a custom essay sample on The revolution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Similarly, during the southern Summer, days become longer than nights, reaching aclimax here areas south of the Antarctic Circle experince 24 hours of daylight. iii) Changes in the altitude of the midday day sun. The movement of the Earth in its orbit around the sun creates apparent cahnges in the position of the midday sun. The sun is vertically overhead at the equator twice a year (called equinox)that is, on 21 march and 23 september . At these two periods, the at the Tropic of Cancer (231 /2N). This is called summer solstice. n Dec 22 at the tropic of Capricon (231/2 ON)in the Southern hemisphere its called Winter solstice. This means that sun appears to move towards the north , then back to the equator , hen towards the south and back to the equator. 2. Effects of Earths Rotation The movement of the Earth on its axi is known as rotation. Nomally the Earth moves in an anticlockwise manner that is from West to East. It takes 24 hours to complete one rotation. Through an angle of 36 00. This means that it rotates through 150 in one hour or through 1 degeree in every 4 minutes. The rotation of the Earth causes the following events: i) Creates day and Night- daytime occurs when one side of the Earth faces the sun , while the opposite remains in darkness or night time. The length of night varies from equatot towards the poles. Places along the equator experinces 12 hours of day time and 12 hours of night-time as shown (Fig 1. 2) it) The sun is visible for 24 hours at the Arctic Circle when it is overhead at the Tropic of cancer (231/20 N) in the nothern hemisphere in June iii) It causes the diflection of wind and ocean currents to the right in the Nothen hemisphere and to the left on the southern Hemisphre. This is as aresult of Coriolis Effect which is an apparent curventure of global winds, ocean currents and anything else that moves freely across the Eaths surface, due the rotation of the earth on its axis v) It causes the ising winds and falling ocean tides v) It causes a difference of 1 hour between two longitudes Far Sides and Moon Phases It takes about 29 days for the moon to make one complete orbit around the Earth. Thats also how long it takes the moon to make one rotation around its axis. Because the moons rotation and orbit take the same amount of time, we always see the same face of the moon no matter when we look at it. If the moon didnt rotate, we would be able to see all sides of its surface. Likewise, if the moons rotation were faster or slower, wed eventually get a glimpse of the entire moon. Gravitaional force. So why does the moon rotate only once each time it orbits the Earth? This is due to the force of gravity. The pull on the moon of from the Earth has slowed the moons rotation down to its current speed. Its rotation is locked with the time it takes to orbit the Earth. Interestingly, the moon is doing the same thing to the Earth. Ever feel like the days are getting longer? They are. But the change is so gradual youd never notice it. Still, in a few billion years, the Earths rotation will match the time it takes the moon to orbit the Earth. By that time, the moon and Earth will have drifted apart from ach other a bit, which means it will take a little longer for the moon to travel around the Earth to the tune of about 40 days or so. That means that in the future, one Earth day will equal 40 of our current Earth days, or about 960 hours. Once the Earths rotation matches the time it takes for the moon to orbit the Earth, the same side of Earth will face the moon all the time. Does that mean that if you were to travel through time to the future, travel to the right spot on Earth and stare up at the sky youd always be able to see the moon? The answer is no, and it has to do with the phases of the moon. A common misconception about the moon is that a new moon occurs when the Earth blocks light from the sun, casting the moon into shadow. In fact, during a new moon the moon is between the sun and the Earth. Imagine that youre in a room that has only one light source shining into it from one side. Someone walks between you and the light source. You wouldnt be able to make out any details, but you could see the person in silhouette. Thats exactly what a new moon is. A full moon is when the Earth is between the moon and the sun. Going back to our example, imagine that you have your back to a light source and someone is standing n front of you. Youd be able to see that person clearly. Thats the same as a full moon. Whether its a full moon or a new moon, youre still looking at the same side of the moon the near side. During a new moon, youre looking at the near side during lunar nighttime. With a full moon, its the near sides version of noon. So theres no permanent dark side of the moon, but there is a far side thats still mostly a mystery to us. Because the moons bulk would block radio signals to and from the Earth, it may be years before engineers come up with a way to explore the far side to a greater extent.